Boletopsis leucomelaena? (fotos ampliadas)

Fotos ampliadas para o Pedro Claro ver se é possível confirmar Boletopsis leucomelaena

Pedro Claro escreveu:
#2 - Creio que são apenas uma espécie (mais uma vez, as diferenças devem-se a questões maturacionais) e, apesar de as fotos estarem muito pequenas, quase de certeza que se trata de Boletopsis leucomelaena, uma espécie muito interessante e incomum, mas que já foi registada aqui no fórum em três locais distintos e por três colectores diferentes: na zona de Soure (perto de Coimbra), em Sesimbra e agora em Lagos.

Bem, se é o Boletopsis leucomelaena é, de facto, um amigo muito interessante.
Encontrei isto:
Boletopsis leucomelaena
Kingdom Fungi
Phylum Basidiomycota
Class Basidiomycetes
Order Thelephorales
Family Bankeraceae
Genus Boletopsis
Although it is a polypore, Boletopsis leucomelaena produces fruit bodies with the habit of a mushroom, having a distinct cap and central stem. It fruits in the autumn singly or in groups, on the ground under conifers (with which it exists in an ectomycorrhizal association). In Scotland, it occurs in a single area of native pinewood where it is associated with Pinus sylvestris. In Europe it is found characteristically in forests dominated by spruce Picea abies.
The fungus is known from only one location in the British Isles - Loch an Eileann, in the Rothiemurchus Forest NNR, near Aviemore in Inverness-shire. It was first recorded there in 1876 and again in 1901, 1906 and 1938. The last record was in September, 1963. Although it is large and conspicuous, it has not been recorded elsewhere in the Rothiemurchus Forest nor in similar habitats in Deeside or Speyside. It is widely distributed in Europe, but is everywhere described as rare and as failing to appear for several years. Its world distribution includes the USA and Japan.
In Great Britain Boletopsis leucomelaena is currently classified as Vulnerable, but a re-assessment for a final Red List is likely to cite it as Endangered. It receives general protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.

http://www.ukbap.org.uk/UKPlans.aspx?ID=148

Common names
Black falsebolete
Boletopsis noir et blanc (French)
Kurokawa (Japanese)
Gråkjuke (Norwegian)
Description
Cap: 5-15 cm diameter, convex, undulating, color grayish-brown with oliveaceous tints, nearly white at the incurved margin, smooth or slightly scaly, dry; flesh firm, white, darker just above the tubes.
Tubes: 7-10 mm deep, 1-3 pores/mm, white to slightly oliveaceous, decurrent.
Stem: 3-8 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, central or lateral, dull white, tinted brown, glabrous, dry; flesh white initially, turning pink to dark grey upon exposure to air.
Odor: none
Taste: mild or slightly bitter.
Spores: subglobose, angular, entire, thin-walled, nonamyloid, 5-6 x 3.5-5.0 µm.
Spore print: white.
Habitat: on the ground, single to several in needle litter in pine forests; fruiting in summer and early fall.
Description adapted from Miller and Miller (2006), p. 416.
Bioactive compounds
Terphenyls
Fruiting bodies of B. leucomelaena contain the leuco-peracetates of thelephoric acid and cycloleucomelone (shown below) (Jägers et al., 1987).

Additional terphenyl compounds showing 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity have been isolated and determined to be a series of cycloleucomelone-leucoacetates (Takahashi et al., 1992).
Lectins
Boletopsis leucomelaena lectin (BLL), a 15 kDa protein with some similarity to Agaricus bisporus lectin, induces apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells (see below) (Koyama et al., 2002). GlcNAc-binding lectin from Boletopsis leucomelaena lectin BLL was isolated and characterized with respect to oligosaccharide specificity using by frontal affinity chromatography (Koyama et al., 2006; Nakamura-Tsuruta et al., 2006). BLL is one of few available lectins with significant affinity toward agalacto-type N-glycans, and may be useful as a probe of carbohydrate-binding specificity in lectin-based structural genomics.
Medicinal properties
Antitumor effects
Polysaccharides extracted from the mycelial culture of B. leucomelaena (as B. leucomelas) and administered intraperitoneally into white mice at a dosage of 300 mg/kg inhibited the growth of Sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich solid cancers by 80% and 70%, respectively (Ohtsuka et al., 1973).
Boletopsis leucomelaena lectin (BLL) induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in human leukemic U937 cells. This effect is the result of upregulation of p21/Waf1 expression and release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, ultimately resulting in the activation of caspase-9 in BLL-treated U937 cells - an effect known to trigger apoptosis (Koyama et al., 2005).
http://healing-mushrooms.net/archives/boletopsis-leucomelaena.html

E figura na lista de comestíveis da EcoFungos. Mas será que se encontra em extinção como na Grã-Bretanha? Na dúvida, não apanho mais nenhum.


localização geográfica: Sítio do Carvalhinho – Serra do Espinhaço de Cão. Lagos.
HABITAT (encostas com vegetação cerrada: estevas; medronheiros e muitos eucaliptos. Os exemplares encontravam-se quase enterrados no substrato perto de medronheiros e eucaliptos)
CHAPÉU (entre os 6 e os 10 cm (o maior); circular; cor castanho acinzentado nos mais pequenos e mais escuro nos maiores; forma convexa mas muito irregular, parecendo ter margem lobulada no maior)
PÉ nos mais pequenos (2 a 3cm; de cor branca; textura granulosa; pé claviforme(?))
PÉ no maior (6cm; cor castanho claro com manchas escuras; textura granulosa; pé fusiforme (?))
HIMENÓFORO (poros brancos; inserção adnata (?); textura granulosa)
ESPORADA (esporada muito difícil de detectar e determinar se era creme ou branca)
CHEIRO E SABOR (cheiro indefinível)





exemplar seccionado in situ por visitante anterior

Pelo que vejo, não me restam dúvidas que se trata de Boletopsis leucomelaena.

Pedro Claro escreveu:Pelo que vejo, não me restam dúvidas que se trata de Boletopsis leucomelaena.

OK, Pedro. Obrigado.

Abraço.